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The Arcade Companion 1
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1992-06-02
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How To Play Backgammon
The Rules of Play
Equipment:
A) Thirty Round Checkers or Men, 15 each in two different colors.
B) A pair of dice (preferably 2 pair, one for each player, and
a set of dice cups, when playing against a human opponent).
C) A doubling cube (used for money games and tournaments), a
doubling cube is a six (or sometimes more) sided cube with
the values 2,4,8,16,32,64, etc... printed respectively on
each side of the cube.
D) A backgammon board (See the board in PC-Gammon, backgammon
boards are very commonly found on the reverse side of a
checker or chess board.
The backgammon board is normally divided down the center, this area
is called the "Bar", it separates the "Inner" (or "Home") and
"Outer" tables of the board, and is where you place men when
they are "Bumped" (more on being bumped later). Your Home and
Outer tables are located nearest to you (in PC-Gammon they
are at the bottom of the screen and your Home table is to your left).
Your opponents Home and Outer tables are directly opposite to
your own. Each Home and Outer table is made up of 6 "Points", for
a total of 24 points, in PC-Gammon the points on the board are
numbered from 1 to 24, Points 1-6 are your opponents Home Table,
7-12 are your opponents Outer Table, 13-18 are your Outer Table,
and 19-24 your Home Table. To the left of the board in PC-Gammon
there is a "Bear Off" tray, this area holds the men as they are
removed from the game (more on bearing off later).
The initial setup for backgammon is as follows (you can see it
for yourself when you first start PC-Gammon).
Point Men
----- ------------
1 2 White Men
6 5 Black Men
8 3 Black Men
12 5 White Men
13 5 Black Men
17 3 White Men
19 5 White Men
24 2 Black Men
The object of the game is to move all of your men into your
Home Table, once they are there, you may begin "Bearing Off",
the first player to get all his men off the board is declared
the winner.
Starting The Game:
Each player rolls one die, the higher number plays first. If equal
numbers are rolled, the players must roll again until the dice
are different. One common variant (an option in PC-Gammon), is
if the first roll is doubles, then the stakes of the game are
automatically doubled (the doubling cube is set to 2).
Moving:
A player may move his men the number of points as totaled on
both dice. The total number of points moved may be applied to
one or more men (i.e. if you roll a 2 and a 3 you may move one
man 2 points, and another man 3 points or you may move one man
5 points).
Doubles: If a player rolls doubles he gets to move twice as many
points (i.e. if you roll double 2's, you can move any combination
of men 2 points at a time for up to 4 moves).
A player must use both numbers of the roll if possible (or for
doubles all four numbers of the double). If a player can use
either but not both, he must use the higher valued die for his
move, in the case of doubles, he must use as many he can.
"Making Points", a point is made when a player has two or more of
his men on a point. A primary rule of backgammon is that no two
players may occupy the same point at the same time. Thus if a
player has two or more men on a point, his opponent can not land
there. Thus the rule is:
A player may move his man to any point that is unoccupied
or contains only one of his opponents men, or that contains
one or more of his men, but cannot move to a point that
contains two or more of his opponents men.
Blocking: A point that is "Made" (contains two or more of the
opponents men) acts as a blocking point, by that we mean that
a player can not use that point when passing by it. For example,
if you roll a 2 and a 3, your man is on the 1 point, and your
opponent has 2 men on both the 3 and 4 points, but the 6 point
is unoccupied. Even though your total roll of 5, would allow
you to move your man to the unoccupied 6 point, you would have
to touch down with either the 2 or 3 roll on the 3 and 4
points which have been "Made" by your opponent.
In other words, each die value must be moved separately, they
can not be used to move one man in a single move totaling the
the value of the dice, and during each die move the man must
land on an un-blocked point. If you wish to move one man
for both dice value you may, but they must be used one at a time.
A man may however be moved the total number of both dice as long
as one of the dice values will land a man on an un-blocked
point during the move.
"Blots": A blot is a point which contains only one man. A player
may move his man to a point which contains a single opponents
man (blot). When a player moves his man to his opponents blot
(either as a single move, or by stopping at a blot as part of
a longer move (i.e. moving one man with both dice)), the opponents
man is removed from the board and placed on the bar. This is
called "Hitting" your opponents blot, or "Bumping".
"Entering": If a player has one or more men on the bar they
must be "Entered" (moved) back into the game before the player
can move any of his other men. A man is "Entered" into the game
by moving it from the bar to the opponents Inner table (when
playing PC-Gammon, you will be entering to points 1 through 6).
The man on the bar must be moved the same number of points
as shown on the die, and must be able to land on an un-blocked
point (see blocking above). For example if you have a man on
the bar, and your opponent has Made his 2,4, and 5 points
(i.e. they are blocked), you must roll a 1,3, or 6 in order
to enter from the bar.
ALL MEN MUST BE ENTERED FROM THE BAR BEFORE ANY OTHER MEN
MAY BE MOVED. Once all men are entered from the bar, any
remaining unused die values may be played.
If you opponent has all 6 of his points made in his inner
table and you are on the bar, you are "Shut Out" and can
not move until you opponent moves his men to provide you
with an un-blocked point in his inner table.
"Bearing Off"
Bearing off is the final part of the game. During this
phase your men are removed from the board. Once you bear
off a man it cannot return to play.
As soon as a player has ALL of his men in his inner table he
may begin bearing off. If your opponent hits a blot in
your inner table while you are bearing off, you must
move all men on the bar back into your inner table before you
can continue to bear off.
You can think of bearing off as moving your men to an
"imaginary" 25th point (in the case of PC-Gammon it is
the "Bear-Off Tray" on the left of the screen).
You may bear a man off under the following rules:
1. The value of the die roll is exactly what is
required to bear the man off to the tray, for
example if you roll a 5 you would be allowed to
bear off a man on your 20 point.
2. If you roll a die value higher than is required
to move a man from the point which is furthest
from the tray, you may bear off that furthest
man. For example if you have men on your
22, and 23 point and you roll a 6, you may bear
off the man on your 22 point (you may not bear off
the man on your 23 point).